Similarly as described for the male , the female sterility may also recognize causes of obstructive nature.
The fallopian tubes are the two ducts that join the respective ovary (forum to production of eggs) to ' uterus (MEP headquarters facility and eventual maturation of ' fertilized egg ) and represent the normal site of fertilization . If these canals are clogged the meeting of sperm with the egg cell becomes much more difficult and, if it happens, the inability to reach the uterus, however, would cause an ectopic pregnancy (a potentially dangerous event for the health of the woman and her future fertility, and certain cause of abortion).
The obstruction of the fallopian (or Fallopian tubes), also lacks the ' fertilized egg of the active role of these bodies in movement and feeding (before coming to nest in the uterus, the embryo remains for about 2-5 days in the tube).
The fallopian tubes can occur blocked for congenital malformations or acute or chronic inflammatory processes. The latter are often the result of sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia or gonorrhea (diseases that in many cases lead to sterility or transient, especially if left untreated, permanent). An invitation to avoid risky sex or at least use all possible precautions, particularly important given the increase of the partners and pre-and extramarital relations than in the past.
In other cases, the fallopian tubes, while maintaining their patency, there may be altered in shape, making it difficult to enter the oocyte in the fallopian tube after his release.
Many of these conditions, highlighted by a test called hysterography, can be solved with a little surgery.
Another disease responsible for mechanical female infertility is endometriosis, a disorder characterized by growth of endometrial tissue that covers the uterus, to other locations (tubes, ovaries, peritoneum , etc..). Also in this case the disease is due to mechanical sterility, as the growth of tissue "stickiness" causes an obstructive effect, making it difficult to release mature oocyte from the ovary and its passage through the tubes. For this reason, even if the sperm could fertilize the egg, implantation in the uterus would be very difficult.
Other causes of female infertility, mechanical, because they make it difficult or impossible penetration, are the vaginismus (involuntary contractions of vaginal muscles), hymenal atresia and stenosis (narrowing) of vulvar or vaginal (the cervix, however, while not interfering with normal sexual intercourse, is a cause of infertility in that it hinders the rise of the seminal elements from the vagina to the uterus).
Immunological incompatibility
The mucus of the cervix (the "gateway" that separates the vagina from the uterus) may be more or less suited to the passage of sperm. This feature is also used by some oral contraceptives, such as the so-called minipill , which act making it inhospitable. Even during the cycle is seeing physiological changes in cervical mucus , which becomes more hospitable to sperm near ovulation.
In some cases, the mucus may contain antibodies specific, able to immobilize and neutralize the sperm of the partner, even this immunological incompatibility is a common cause of female infertility.
Female infertility: the role of age
The woman's fertility is low just after puberty , reaches its peak around age 24 and declines slowly after the third decade of life. Undoubtedly, the fact that more and more couples seek to make a first child after that age contributes to increased difficulty in conceiving. Over the years, the eggs undergo deleterious genetic alterations, such that the probability of having children with Down syndrome increases from approximately one in 1,500 to 20 years, 1 out of 280 in the age group between 35 to 39 years. The same uterine environment becomes less favorable to the system, by contrast, are more and more frequent miscarriages, anovulatory cycles and anomalies of the corpus luteum.
Diagnosis
As said so far, infertility is often a matter of a couple and as such should be treated. If after a year the desire to create has not yet been satisfied, then both partners should seek medical help, receiving, together with a study of diagnosis. The techniques available are varied and aimed at the control point form, of all possible causes of infertility. We seek, therefore, the presence of hormonal dysfunctions, using small samples of blood, sperm production and characteristics, using semen analysis , the mucus, incompatibilities and immunological features of the testes , uterus, ovary and fallopian tubes. The chances of getting pregnant with medical help will depend on the results of several tests.
